Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep-related breathing disorder in which the upper airway repeatedly narrows or closes during sleep. These events can reduce airflow, disturb sleep and sometimes lower blood oxygen.
What happens during obstructive sleep apnea?
During sleep, muscles supporting the upper airway relax. In OSA, the airway becomes sufficiently narrowed or blocked to cause repeated breathing disturbances. The brain may briefly arouse the sleeper to restore airflow, often without the person remembering the event.
Common signs and symptoms
- Loud or habitual snoring
- Witnessed pauses in breathing, choking or gasping during sleep
- Excessive daytime sleepiness or fatigue
- Morning headache or dry mouth
- Difficulty concentrating or unrefreshing sleep
Symptoms vary, and snoring alone does not establish OSA. NHLBI describes the symptoms, causes and health implications of sleep apnea.
How OSA is diagnosed
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) recommends diagnostic testing as part of a comprehensive sleep evaluation. Polysomnography is the standard diagnostic test; technically adequate home sleep apnea testing can be appropriate for selected uncomplicated adults at increased risk of moderate-to-severe OSA. See the AASM diagnostic guideline.
How OSA may be treated
Treatment depends on the individual. Options can include positive airway pressure (PAP), behavioral or lifestyle measures, oral appliances, surgery or other clinician-directed approaches. PAP therapy uses positive pressure to help keep the airway open during sleep.
If PAP has been prescribed, continue with CPAP vs APAP, the CPAP mask fitting guide, or browse CPAP/APAP equipment.
Frequently asked questions
Does loud snoring mean I have sleep apnea?
No. Snoring can occur without OSA. Repeated breathing pauses, gasping and daytime symptoms increase concern, but testing is needed for diagnosis.
Can I choose a CPAP pressure from my symptoms?
No. Treatment mode and pressure should follow an appropriate clinical pathway rather than self-selection.
Is OSA the same as central sleep apnea?
No. OSA involves upper-airway obstruction; central sleep apnea involves reduced or absent respiratory effort during events. See central vs obstructive sleep apnea.
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Sources
Medical note: Educational information only. Seek qualified medical care for diagnosis, treatment decisions or worsening breathing symptoms.
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